Mechanics Problems - Force and Linear
Kinematics Problems
Note: Each problem begins with a list of the specific
principles necessary to solve the context-rich problem. These are
for the benefit of the instructor. Delete the list before using
the problems in your class.
- Center of Mass: You have been hired as part of a
research team consisting of biologists, computer
scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and physicists
investigating the virus which causes AIDS. This effort
depends on the design of a new centrifuge which separates
infected cells from healthy cells by spinning a container
of these cells at very high speeds. Your design team has
been assigned the task of specifying the mechanical
structure of the centrifuge arm which holds the sample
container. For aerodynamic stability, the arm must have
uniform dimensions. Your team decided the shape will be a
long, thin strip of length L, width w, and thickness t.
The mass of the strip is M. The actual values of these
quantities will be optimized by a computer program. For
mechanical reasons, the arm must be stronger at one end
than at the other. Your team decided to use new composite
materials to accomplish this. Using these materials
changes the strength by changing the density of the arm
along its length while keeping its dimensions constant.
To calculate the strength of the brackets necessary to
support the arm, you must determine the position of the
center of mass of the arm. You decide to do this in two
different ways.
(a) First you make a crude approximation of your design
by assuming that the arm is a rigid, massless rod of
length L. On this rod are mounted four small objects of
equal mass. One of these objects is positioned at each
end of the rod, one in the center of the rod, and one
midway between the center and the end.
(b) Next you do a more exact calculation by assuming that
arm is a continuous material with a density which varies
linearly along its length as (A + Bx).
- Center of Mass, Moment of Inertia: You are on a
development team investigating a new design for computer
magnetic disk drives. You have been asked to determine if
the standard disk drive motor will be sufficient for the
test version of the new disk. To do this you decide to
calculate how much energy is needed to get the 6.4 cm
diameter, 15 gram disk to its operating speed of 350
revolutions per second. The test disk also has 4
different sensors attached to its surface. These small
sensors are arranged at the corners of a square with
sides of 1.2 cm. To assure stability, the center of mass
of the sensor array is in the same position as the center
of mass of the disk. The disk's axis of rotation also
goes through the center of mass. You know that the
sensors have masses of 1.0 grams, 1.5 grams, 2.0 grams,
and 3.0 grams. The moment of inertia of your disk is
one-half that of a ring.
- Center of Mass, Momentum, Kinematics: Two
government agents (FBI agents Mulder and Scully) need
your physics expertise to determine why an alien
spaceship exploded. The wreckage of the spaceship is in
three large pieces around a northern Minnesota town. The
center of mass of one piece (mass = 300 kg) of the
spaceship landed 6.0 km due north of the center of town.
Another piece (mass = 1000 kg) landed 1.6 km to the
southeast (36 degrees south of east) of the center of
town. The last piece (mass = 400 kg) landed 4.0 km to the
southwest (65 degrees south of west) of the center of
town. There are no more pieces of the spaceship. The
Army, which was watching the spaceship on its radar,
claims it was hovering motionless over the center of town
when the spaceship spontaneously exploded and the pieces
fell to the ground. Agents Mulder and Scully do not
believe that the spaceship exploded on its own accord.
They think a missile hit it. They ask you to determine
whether the fragments found are consistent with the
spaceship exploding spontaneously. If not, determine from
what direction the missile came. (For simplicity, assume
that the pieces of the spaceship after the explosion are
moving horizontally.)
- Kinematics, Moment of Inertia: You are working in
a research group investigating more energy efficient city
busses. One option is to store energy in the rotation of
a flywheel when the bus stops and then use it to
accelerate the bus. The flywheel under consideration is
disk of uniform construction except that it has a
massive, thin rim on its edge. Half the mass of the
flywheel is in the rim. When the bus stops, the flywheel
needs to rotate at 20 revolutions per second. When the
bus is going at its normal speed of 30 miles per hour,
the flywheel rotates at 2 revolutions per second. The
material holding the rim to the rest of the flywheel has
been tested to withstand an acceleration of up to 100g
but you are worried that it might not be strong enough.
To check, you calculate the maximum radius of the rim for
the case when the flywheel reaches 20 revolutions per
second just as the bus going 30 miles per hour makes an
emergency stop in 0.50 seconds. You assume that during
this time the flywheel has a constant angular
acceleration. Your trusty physics text tells you that the
moment of inertia of a disk rotating about its center is
half that of a ring of the same mass and radius.
- Kinematics, Force: You did so well in your physics
course that you decided to try to get a summer job
working in a physics laboratory at the University. You
got the job as a student lab assistant in a research
group investigating the ozone depletion at the Earth's
poles. This group is planning to put an atmospheric
measuring device in a satellite which will pass over both
poles. To collect samples of the upper atmosphere, the
satellite will be in a circular orbit 200 miles above the
surface of the Earth which has a radius of about 4000
miles. To adjust the instruments for the proper data
taking rate, you need to calculate how many times per day
the device will sample the atmosphere over the South
pole.
- Kinematics, Force: While listening to your
professor drone on, you dream about becoming an engineer
helping to design a new space station to be built in deep
space far from any planetary systems. This
state-of-the-(future) art station is powered by a small
amount of neutron star matter which has a density of 2 x
1014 g/cm3. The station will be a large light-weight
wheel rotating about its center which contains the power
generator. A control room is a tube which goes all the
way around the wheel and is 10 meters from its center.
The living space and laboratories are located at the
outside rim of the wheel and are another tube which goes
all the way around it at a distance of 200 meters from
the center. To keep the environment as normal as
possible, people in both the outer rim and the control
room should experience the same weight as
they had on Earth. That is if they were standing on a
bathroom scale, it would read the same as if they were on
Earth. This is accomplished by a combination of the
rotation of the station and the gravitational attraction
of the neutron star matter in the power generator. You
suddenly wake up when you drop your pen but decide that
the idea is interesting enough to calculate the necessary
rate of rotation and generator mass. While drawing the
free-body diagrams, you realize that the people are
standing with their heads inward on the rim of the
station and with their heads outward in the control room.
- Kinematics, Force: You have a summer job at NASA
where your team is responsible for specifying a rocket to
lift a communications satellite into a circular orbit
around the Earth. To effectively relay signals, the
satellite will have to always remain over the same point
on the Earth's equator just above the communications
station which is located 50 miles outside or Nairobi,
Kenya. The satellite will have a mass of 3500 kg. You
have been assigned the task of calculating the radius of
the satellite's orbit and its speed while in orbit and
presenting that calculation to your team. For your own
curiosity you also decide to calculate the force that the
satellite exerts on the Earth while it is in orbit. From
your trusty physics textbook you find the radius of the
Earth is 6370 km, its mass is 5.96 x 1024 kg, and the
universal gravitational constant is 6.67 x 10-11 N
m2/kg2.
- Energy: While working in an environmental
engineering team to determine the quality of the air in
downtown Minneapolis, you have been given the task of
calibrating the spectrum analyzer. This device gives you
the composition of the gasses in a sample by determining
the frequency of light absorbed by the sample. Each type
of molecule absorbs a certain set of frequencies (its
spectrum). The frequencies actually measured are changed
if the molecules have an angular velocity about their
center of mass. To calibrate the analyzer, you must
calculate the expected angular velocity for the Oxygen
molecules (O2) in the sample of Minneapolis air. At the
temperatures of your gas sample, you calculate that the
center of mass speed of a typical molecule is 500 m/s.
Based on you knowledge of atomic sizes, you estimate that
the typical distance between the nuclei of oxygen atoms
in the molecule is 10-8 cm. You also know that the 27 x
10-27 kg mass of an Oxygen atom is essentially
concentrated in its very small nucleus. Your boss tells
you to assume that the rotational kinetic energy of the
molecule rotating about an axis through the center of the
line joining the nuclei of the atoms and perpendicular to
that line is 2/3 its translational kinetic energy.
- Energy: While working on your latest novel about
settlers crossing the Great Plains in a wagon train, you
get into an argument with your co-author regarding the
moment of inertia of an actual wooden wagon wheel. The
70-kg wheel is 120-cm in diameter and has heavy spokes
connecting the rim to the axle. Your co-author claims
that you can approximate using I = MR2 (like for a
hoop) but you anticipate I will be
significantly less than that because of the mass located
in the spokes. To find I experimentally, you mount
the wheel on a low-friction bearing then wrap a light
cord around the outside of the rim to which you attach a
20-kg bag of sand. When the bag is released from rest, it
drops 3.77-m in 1.6-s during which time the wheel rotates
through an angle of 2¹-radians. Hint: Use energy
considerations.
- Energy: You have a summer job helping to design
the opening ceremony for the next winter Olympics. One of
the choreographer's ideas is to have skaters race out
onto the ice and grab a very large ring (the symbol of
the Olympics). Each ring is held horizontal at shoulder
height by a vertical pole stuck into the ice. The pole is
attached to the ring on its circumference so that the
ring can rotate horizontally around the pole. The plan is
to have the skater grab the ring at a point on the
opposite side from where the pole is attached and,
holding on, glide around the pole in a circle. You have
been assigned the job of determining the minimum speed
that the skater must have before grabbing the ring in
terms of the radius of the ring, the mass of the ring,
the mass of the skater, and the constant frictional force
between the skates and the ice. The choreographer wants
the skater and ring to go around the pole at least five
times. The skater is to be moving tangent to the ring
just before grabbing it.
- Energy, Center of Mass: As a project your team is
given the task of designing a space station consisting of
four different habitats. Each habitat is an enclosed
sphere containing all necessary life support and
laboratory facilities. The masses of these habitats are
10 x 105 kg, 20 x 105 kg, 30 x 105 kg, and 40 x 105 kg.
The entire station must spin so that the inhabitants will
experience an artificial gravity. Your team has decided
to arrange the habitats at corners of a square with 1.0
km sides. The axis of rotation will be perpendicular to
the plane of the square and through the center of mass.
To help decide if this plan is practical, you calculate
how much energy would be necessary to set the space
station spinning at 5.0 revolutions per minute. In your
team's design, the size of each habitat is small compared
to the size of the space between the habitats and the
structure that holds the habitats together is much less
massive than any single habitat.
- Energy, Center of Mass: You have a great summer
job working for a movie studio. Your assignment is to
check the script of an upcoming Star Wars movie for
scientific accuracy. In one scene, the hero escapes by
putting her spaceship through a wormhole in space. The
engines have failed so the ship is coasting when it
emerges in another part of the galaxy at the center of a
binary star system. Both stars in the system orbit their
center of mass and have equal mass. You need to determine
the minimum speed of the spaceship when it emerges from
the wormhole perpendicular to the plane of the orbiting
stars so that it is not captured by the star system. When
the movie is better defined, you will know the mass of
each star, the radius of their orbit, and the mass of the
spaceship. You assume that even a long time ago in a
galaxy far, far away the gravitational constant is the
same.
- Energy, Forces: You have applied for a great
summer job working with a special effects team at a movie
studio. As part of your interview you have been asked to
evaluate the design for a stunt in a new Indiana Jones
production. A large spherical boulder starts from rest
and rolls down an inclined track. At the bottom, the
track curves up into a vertical circle so that the
boulder can roll around on the inside of the circle and
come back to ground level. It is important that the
boulder not fall off the track at the top of the circle
and crush the star standing below. You have been asked to
determine the relationship between the height of the
boulder's starting point on the ramp (measured from the
center of the boulder) and the maximum radius the
circular part of the track. You can determine the mass
and the radius of the boulder should you need to know
them. You have also been told that the moment of inertia
of a sphere is 2/5 that of a ring of the same mass and
radius. After some thought you decide that the boulder
will stay moving in a vertical circle if its radial
acceleration at the top is just that provided by gravity.
- Torque: In a budget cutting move, the University
decided to replace their human mascot, Goldie Gopher, by
a real gopher. Unfortunately the new 10 lb Goldie has
other ideas and has escaped the clutches of the athletic
department by jumping out a window onto a flagpole
attached to the building. The fire department has been
called in to recover the recalcitrant gopher. The plan is
for a fireman to climb out on the flagpole and get
Goldie. Goldie is 3 meters out on the 4 meter long
flagpole. Because of your technical background, you have
a part time job as a University safety officer and are
asked to approve this plan. The pole is attached to the
building at an angle of 37º above the horizontal and
weighs 22 lbs. A horizontal cable with a rated strength
of 300 lbs connects the far end of the pole to the
building seems strong enough. The other end of the pole
is connected to the building by a steel pin supported by
a strong steel brace. You are worried about whether this
pin is strong enough so you calculate the forces on the
pin. The lightest fireman available for the job of
getting Goldie weighs 150 lbs in all of her gear.
You find that the pin is strong enough so you might
approve this daring rescue. You want it to be as safe as
possible. You will require that the fireman wear a safety
harness which is held by someone inside the building.
After all, the cable holding up the flagpole has been out
in the Minnesota winter for years. If the cable does
break, the flagpole will rotate about the pin supporting
its base.
Doing a quick integral, you find that the moment of
inertia of a pole about an axis at one end is 1/3 as much
as if all its mass were concentrated at the other end of
the pole. To save the fireman you must get her off before
the pole goes below a horizontal orientation. The gopher
will be on its own. To see if rescue is possible, you
calculate the acceleration of the flagpole with the
fireman and gopher clinging to it for the two extreme
cases, just after the cable breaks and just as it reaches
a horizontal orientation.
- Torque: The automatic flag raising system on a
horizontal flagpole attached to the vertical outside wall
of a tall building has become stuck. The management of
the building wants to send a person crawling out along
the flagpole to fix the problem. Because of your physics
knowledge, you have been asked to consult with a group to
decide whether or not this is possible. You are all too
aware that no one could survive the 250 foot fall from
the flagpole to the ground. The flagpole is a 120 lb
steel I-beam which is very strong and rigid. One side of
the flagpole is attached to the wall of the building by a
hinge so that it can rotate vertically. Nine feet away,
the other end of the flagpole is attached to a strong,
lightweight cable. The cable goes up from the flagpole at
an angle of 30º until it reaches the building where it
is bolted to the wall. The mechanic who will climb out on
the flagpole weighs 150 lbs including equipment. From the
specifications of the building construction, both the
bolt attaching the cable to the building and the hinge
have been tested to hold a force of 500 lbs. Your boss
has decided that the worse case is when the mechanic is
at the far end of the flagpole, nine feet from the
building.
- Torque: After watching a news story about a fire
in a high rise apartment building, you and your friend
decide to design an emergency escape device from the top
of a building. To avoid engine failure, your friend
suggests a gravitational powered elevator. The design has
a large, heavy turntable (a horizontal disk that is free
to rotate about its center) on the roof with a cable
wound around its edge. The free end of the cable goes
horizontally to the edge of the building roof, passes
over a heavy vertical pulley, and then hangs straight
down. A strong wire cage which can hold 5 people is then
attached to the hanging end of the cable. When people
enter the cage and release it, the cable unrolls from the
turntable lowering the people safely to the ground. To
see if this design is feasible you decide to calculate
the acceleration of the fully loaded elevator to make
sure it is much less than g. Your friend's design has the
radius of the turntable disk as 1.5 m and its mass is
twice that of the fully loaded elevator. The disk which
serves as the vertical pulley has 1/4 the radius of the
turntable and 1/16 its mass. In your trusty Physics book
you find that the moment of inertia of a disk is 1/2 that
of a ring.
- Torques, Kinematics: Because of your physics
background, you have been asked to be a stunt consultant
for a motion picture about a genetically synthesized
prehistoric creature that escapes from captivity and
terrorizes the city. The scene you are asked to review
has the three main characters of the movie being chased
by the creature through an old warehouse. At the exit of
the warehouse is a thick steel fire door 10 feet high and
6.0 feet wide weighing about 2,000 pounds. In the scene,
the three actors are to flee from the building and close
the fire door (initially at rest), thus sealing the
creature inside the building. With the creature running
at 30 mph, they have 5.0 seconds to shut the door. You
are asked to determine if they can do it. You estimate
that each actor can each push on the door with a force of
50 pounds. When they push together, each actor needs a
space of about 1.5 feet between them and the next actor.
The door, which has a moment of inertia of 1/3 M r2
around its hinges, needs to rotate 120 degrees for it to
close completely.
- Torque, Kinematics: While watching the local TV
news show, you see a report about ground water
contamination and how it effects farms which get their
water from wells. For dramatic effect, the reporter
stands next to an old style well which still works by
lowering a bucket at the end of a rope into a deep hole
in the ground to get water. At the top of the well a
single vertical pulley is mounted to help raise and lower
the bucket. The thin rope passes over the large pulley
which is essentially a heavy steel ring supported by
light spokes. To demonstrate the depth of the well, the
reporter completely wraps the rope around the pulley and
suspends the bucket from one end. She then releases the
bucket, at rest near the pulley, and it descends to the
bottom of the well unwinding the rope from the pulley as
it falls. It takes 2.5 seconds. She doesn't tell you the
depth of the well so you decide to calculate it. You
estimate that the pulley has the same mass of the bucket
and assume that the mass of the rope and any friction can
be neglected.
- Energy or Torques, Kinematics: While you watching
a TV show about life in the ancient world, you see that
the people in one village used a solid sphere made out of
clay as a kind of pulley to help haul up water from a
well. A well-greased wooden axle was placed through the
center of the sphere and fixed in a horizontal
orientation above the well, allowing the sphere to rotate
freely. To demonstrate the depth of the well, the host of
the program completely wrapped the rope around the sphere
and suspended the bucket from one end. She then released
the bucket, at rest near the sphere, and allowed it to
descend to the bottom of the well unwinding the string
from the sphere as it went. It took 2.5 seconds. You
wonder what the depth of the well was so you decide to
calculate it. You estimate that the sphere has twice the
mass of the bucket and assume that the mass of the rope
can be neglected. You look up the moment of inertia of a
sphere about an axis through its center of mass and find
it is 2/5 that of a ring of the same mass and radius.
- Energy or Torque, Kinematics: You have been asked
to help design a safety mechanism which will
automatically drops a rope from the window of an
apartment in the case of fire. One end of the rope is
fastened to a ledge on the outside wall of the building
while the other is rolled tightly around a hollow
cylinder. When a fire is detected, the mechanism drops
the hollow cylinder so that it is parallel to the ground.
The cylinder falls straight down without touching the
side of the building and the rope unwinds from around a
point midway along its length. To optimize your design,
you need to calculate how long it takes to fall to the
ground as a function of the height of the fall, the
radius of the cylinder, the mass of the cylinder, and the
length of the cylinder.
- Torques, Forces: A friend of yours who likes to
fix his own car has improvised a car-lifting device in
his garage. He explains that he plans to park the car on
a rectangular platform which is lifted into the air by
four ropes each attached to a corner of the platform. The
platform is constructed of steel I-beams and has a weight
of 250 lbs. It is 12 feet long and 5.0 feet wide with its
center of mass 5.0 feet from the front and 2.5 feet from
either side. His car has a weight of 1400 lbs and 75% of
that weight is carried by the front tires. The distance
between the centers of the tires is 7.2 feet. His plan is
to park the car in the middle of the platform with the
front tire 2.4 feet from the front of the platform over
the midpoint of the platform. In that way, the two front
ropes have the equal tensions and the two back ropes will
also have equal tensions. The ropes are certified to hold
a load of 5000 N each. Before he uses his device, he has
asked your advice on its safety.
- Torques, Forces: You have been asked to design a
machine to move a large cable spool up a factory ramp in
30 seconds. The spool is made of two 6.0 ft diameter
disks of wood with iron rims connected together at their
centers by a solid cylinder 1.0 ft wide and 3.0 ft long.
Sometime later in the manufacturing process, cable will
be wound around the cylinder. For now the cylinder is
bare but the spool still weighs 200 lbs. Your plan is to
attach a thin ring around the cylinder and pull the spool
up the ramp with a rope attached to the top of this ring.
The spool will then roll without slipping up the ramp on
its two outside disks at a constant speed. To finish the
design you need to calculate how strong the rope must be
to pull the spool when it is moving up the ramp at a
constant speed. The ramp has an angle of 27o from the
horizontal and the rope will be parallel to the ramp. A
set of light weight bearings minimizes the friction
between the ring and the cylinder and fixes the
orientation of the ring so that the rope always pulls
from its top. The diameter of the ring is essentially the
same as that of the cylinder.
- Torques, Forces: You have been chosen to be part
of a team investigating an explosion in a virology
laboratory. When you enter the lab, you see that a large
utility conduit, which was originally suspended
horizontally overhead, has fallen on top of a chemical
workbench. You decide to determine if a mechanical
failure made the conduit break, crashing into the
chemicals and causing the explosion or if the chemical
explosion caused the conduit to fall. The heavy conduit,
essentially a bar with a non-uniform mass distribution,
was held up in the air by two lightweight cables attached
to the ceiling at different angles. One cable was
attached at each end of the conduit. To check out the
possibility of a mechanical failure, you first decide to
calculate the position of the center of mass from one end
of the conduit based on the known weight of the conduit,
the length of the conduit, and the angles of the cables
with the ceiling.
- Torques, Forces: You have a summer job working
downtown washing windows on skyscrapers (the pay is great
and so are the medical benefits). The platform you and
your partner are using to get to the windows is a meter
wide and four meters long. You know from hauling the
platform out of your truck countless times that it has a
mass of 70 kg. It is supported by two cables, one at each
end, mounted on-center to prevent the platform from
tipping over as it is pulled up the side of the building
at a constant speed. If you (mass of 55 kg) are standing
on the platform 1 meter from one cable while your partner
(mass of 87 kg) is 1.3 meters from the other cable and
both of you are half a meter from the side, what is the
tension in each cable? Assume the platform has a uniform
mass distribution and is of negligible thickness.
- Angular Momentum: You are part of a team in an
engineering contest trying to design a mechanical
"cat" which, when dropped motionless, upside
down from 2.5 m, can right itself before it hits the
ground by rotating its "tail." The body of the
"cat," aptly named Katt, is a solid cylinder 1
foot in length and 6 inches in diameter, with a mass of
5.44 kg. Attached to the center of one end of the body is
Katt's "tail," a 1 foot long rod which extends
out perpendicular to Katt's body and has only 1% the mass
of the body. Your task is to determine the energy demand
put on the small electric motor in the body which rotates
the "tail." Based on your work, have you any
design improvements to suggest to the rest of the team?
Remember: a solid cylinder rotated about it's central
axis has a moment of inertia 1/2 that of a cylinder with
all it's mass on it's circumference; a rod rotated about
one end has a moment of inertia 1/3 of that if mass were
concentrated at the opposite end.
- Angular Momentum: You have been asked to help
evaluate a proposal to build a device to determine the
speed of hockey pucks shot along the ice. The device
consists of a rod which rests on the ice and is fastened
to the ice at one end so that it is free to rotate
horizontally. The free end of the rod has a small, light
basket which will catch the hockey puck. The puck slides
across the ice perpendicular to the rod and is caught in
the basket which is initially at rest. The rod then
rotates. The designers claim that knowing the length of
the rod, the mass of the rod, the mass of the puck, and
the frequency of the rotation of the rod and puck, you
can determine the speed of the puck as it moved across
the ice.
- Angular Momentum, Energy: You are a member of a
group designing an air filtration system for allergy
suffers. To optimize its operation you need to measure
the mass of the common pollen in the air where the filter
will be used. To measure the pollen's mass, you have
designed a small rectangular box with a hole in one side
to allow the pollen to enter. Once inside the pollen is
given a positive electric charge and accelerated by an
electrostatic force to a speed of 1.4 m/s. The pollen
then hits the end of a very small, uniform bar which is
hanging straight down from a pivot at its top. Since the
bar has a negative charge at its tip, the pollen sticks
to it as the bar swings up. Measuring the angle that the
bar swings up would give the particle's mass. After the
angle is measured, the charge of the bar is reversed,
releasing that particle. It's a cool design but your
friend insists it will never work. To prove it she asks
you to calculate the length of the bar which would give
you a reasonable angle of about 10º for a typical pollen
particle of 4 x 10-9 grams. Your plan calls for a bar of
7 x 10-4 grams with a moment of inertial 1/12 as much as
if all of its mass were concentrated at its end. Is she
right?
- Angular Momentum, Energy: You have been asked to
design a new stunt for the opening of an ice show. A
small 50 kg skater glides down a ramp and along a short
level stretch of ice. While gliding along the level
stretch she makes herself as small as possible. Keeping
herself as small as possible she then grabs the bottom
end of a large 180 kg vertical rod which is free to turn
vertically about a axis through its center. The plan is
for her to hold onto the 20 foot long rod while it swings
her to the top. The rod has a uniform mass distribution.
You have been asked to give the minimum height of the
ramp. Doing a quick integral tells you that the moment of
inertia of this rod about its center is 1/3 of what its
moment of inertia would be if all of its mass were
concentrated at one of its ends.
- Angular Momentum, Energy: Your group has decided
to revisit the lab experiment in which a metal ring was
dropped onto a rotating plate. In hopes of getting better
results, you now have a motor which initially spins the
disk and shaft at 3.0 rev. per second. You are also using
a mechanical device to drop the ring, so that it lands
perfectly in the groove on every trial. Unfortunately the
bearing in your apparatus is giving out (after weeks of
heavy use) so you must redo your analysis, taking into
account the frictional force which the bearing applies to
the outside of the shaft. You assume that this force is
approximately constant, except perhaps during the
collision event itself. To avoid the large uncertainties
associated with using a stopwatch, you decide to count
revolutions -- you let the disk rotate twice after
disengaging the motor, then drop the ring, then note that
the entire apparatus goes around 17 more times before
coming to rest. How large is the frictional force? The
radii of the disk, shaft, and ring are 11 cm, 0.63 cm,
and 6.5 cm (5.5 cm) outside (inside) respectively. The
moments of inertia (about the appropriate axis) for the
disk, shaft, and ring are 5.1 x 10-3 kg m2, 3.7 x 10-6 kg
m2, and 8.9 x 10-3 kg m2 respectively.
- Angular Momentum, Energy, Kinematics: You have
been hired by a company which is designing a new water
slide for an amusement park . The conceptual design has a
customer going down a curved slide ending up moving
horizontally at the bottom. At the end of the of the
slide, the customer grabs the end of a 16.0 m long
vertical bar that is free to pivot about its center.
After grabbing onto the bar, the customer swings out over
a pool of water. When the bar swings out to its maximum
distance, the customer can drop off and fall straight
down into the water. Your task is to determine the height
of the slide so that the maximum horizontal distance that
the bar swings out is 5.0 m for a 60 kg person. The bar
has five times the mass of a 60 kg person. From an
engineering handbook, you find that the moment of inertia
of the bar is 1/12 of what it would be if all of its mass
were concentrated at the bottom.